Friday, December 20, 2013
Astabil Multivibrator
Multivibrator is a relaxation oscillator type. This circuit uses the RC network and the region contribute to the square wave output. Astabel multivibrator used in the TV receiver to control the electron beam on the picture tube. In this series of computers used to develop the pulse time.
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| Astabil Multivibrator circuit |
HOW TO WORK
A multibrator consists of two cross-coupled amplifier. The amplifier output is one connected to another amplifier wedding. Because each penguata reverse input signal, the combined effect of this is in the form of positive feedback. With the feedback posotif, the oscillator will always get the extra energy (regenerative) and produces a continuous output.
The picture above shows the multivibrator circuit using 2 pieces of bipolar transistors with common emitter configuration. R1 and R2 provide bias voltage developed at the base of each transistor. Holding capacitor C1 to the base collector Q1 Q2. Q2 together with capacitor C2 to the base of Q1.
Because of this cross coupling, a transistor will be conductive and the other is the cutoff. The two transistors alternately will live and die so that the outputs are labeled Q or. That output has a polarity reversal.
When the power given to the multivibrator, one transistor will berkonduksi first, let us assume here that berkonduksi Q1 first. With Q1 berkonduksi voltage on R and Vc decreased, so that its value is lower than VCC. As a result akn happened to the negative voltage on C1 and the positive base voltage of Q1 will decrease. Q2 conduction is reduced and the collector voltage equal to VCC. Voltage will be towards the positive on the C2. This voltage is added to the base of Q1 and make it more berkonduksi. This process continues until reaching saturation point Q1 and Q2 to reach the cutoff.
Multivibrator device functioned as a trigger (triggered device) or free-running. Multivibrator trigger requires the input signal / pulse. Multivibrator output is controlled or synchronized by the input signal.
When the output voltage of each transistor achieve stability, then there is no voltage feedback. Q2 will return berpanjar forward through R2. Conduction in Q2 will lead to a decrease in VC. Voltage to the negative direction will be given on the basis of Q1 through C2. Q1 conduction is reduced. Vc in Q1 will rise worth with Vcc. This will tergandeng to the base of Q2 through C1. This process continues until Q2 Q1 reached saturation point and reach the cutoff. The output voltage then becomes unstable and the process will be repeated.
The frequency of oscillation of the multivibrator time constant distentukan by R2 and R3 and C1 and C2. The R2 and R3 are chosen such that each transistor can reach saturation point. C1 and C2 is selected to obtain the desired operating frequency. If C1 = C2 and R2 = R3 then the output will be symmetrical. Means that both transistors will live and die in selag the same time.
Thursday, December 19, 2013
Power amplifier circuit 60 W mono
Wow this is nice intregated amplifier circuit , because this IC can be power output up to 60 Watt . With minimum require voltage 8 V , and maximum voltage 35 V . But this circuit isnt so good to working on car , because output sound is very loud but not smooth. Amplifier so good working on full range , with speaker full range 100W and impedance 8 Ohm.Below it is schematic :
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| Click to view large |
The circuit above use IC AN7170 , the original output power IC is 20 W with impedance. But with use the circuit output elevated up to 60W.
Metal Detector Circuit
One type of metal detector is a type of beat frequency oscillator (BFO). The methods used in metal detectors in general are changing the characteristics of the oscillator when there are close to the metal sensor. The detector works based on the resonant frequency that has been set change when there is a metal object is located quite close to the search coil sensors.
Tuning circuit (tuned circuit) should be a part of our oscillator circuit so that if approached by a metal coil sensor specific hence the output frequency of the oscillation circuit is about to change. Variation changes the output frequency depends on the frequency chosen. The selection of the higher frequency will cause the circuit sensitivity increases because the greater the frequency change. Stay if the selection frequency is too high then the practice will produce a system that is not sensitive. This is because the high frequency of most will not be reflected back but will be absorbed by the soil, building materials.
Tuning circuit (tuned circuit) should be a part of our oscillator circuit so that if approached by a metal coil sensor specific hence the output frequency of the oscillation circuit is about to change. Variation changes the output frequency depends on the frequency chosen. The selection of the higher frequency will cause the circuit sensitivity increases because the greater the frequency change. Stay if the selection frequency is too high then the practice will produce a system that is not sensitive. This is because the high frequency of most will not be reflected back but will be absorbed by the soil, building materials.
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| Metal Detector Circuit |
Frequency used (f1-produced by the tank circuit with L1) is usually above the human hearing ability. Because it can not be heard by human pendegaran the frequency changes that occur will also not be heard as well. To overcome this it should be made a separate tone (audible frekuency-f2) which shows the change in frequency. This is said with the beat.
By mixing the two signals (f1 and f2) will produce signals f1, f2, (f1 + f2), and (f1-f2). The signal can be heard by human hearing is a signal (f1-f2). So when there are changes in frequency caused by changes in the characteristics of the search coil can be heard by humans as a rhythm-beat changing. Rhythm-beat is what is the signal (f1-f2) earlier.
VC1 setting is not easy because it requires experiments on certain metals. Similarly, for setting the rhythm of the beat is heard because at a certain condition will feel the rhythm of this beat very disturbing. So it was no possibility the beat or rhythm is not produced beatnya lower than normal because all these conditions can be set on VC1.
So when there are changes in the characteristics of the search coil it will produce sound frequency also depends on the different frequencies generated by the L1 and L2 frequencies generated by.
This method still has the disadvantage that its output frequency variation is still too small to change its frequency is almost not visible. Additionally, on certain conditions Dapa produce a frequency below the audible sound. For that we need a reconfiguration of coupling capacitors and the frequency of use.
The values of existing components dirangkaian Figure 2 represents the values specified in a metal. So for a specific metal component values need to be adjusted especially VC1, C1, C4, and C5.
Inductor L1 is formed from the coil that serves as a search coil. This inductor will resonate along with the VC1 to produce a tank circuit with Q high. The second oscillator is formed from L2, C4, C5, R4, and Q2 and the oscillator circuit will produce a signal with a fixed frequency. D1 serves as a simple mixing between f1 and f2 and will generate a signal with a frequency (f1-f2) and a lot of harmonic signals. Signal with a frequency (f1-f2) is made so that it can be in areas that can be heard by human hearing.
Suppose that f1 and f2 on the 100KHz 101KHz then after dimixer, signal (f1-f2) will produce a signal with a frequency of 1kHz. This differential signal must be amplified in advance using a opamp that will only be able to drive headphones with high impedance. If the chill to be used for regular headphones then Dapa LM741 amplifier chip is replaced with the type of audio amplifiers. Because ampilifier audio output has a low impedance. Amplifier gain setting is determined from the setting R7 and R10, and if necessary the output of the LM741 can be incorporated into a power amplifier circuit to drive an spaker.
Circuit in Figure 2 is very simple to allow the occurrence of frequency drift - a shift in frequency. This is usually caused by the temperature factor. However this problem is not a serious problem. Permsalahan can ditanganni by searching for capacitor components which have a large enough temperature tolerance. In addition, PCB layout also has a huge effect on this problem.
The size of the search coil depends on the sensitivity of metal detectors are cooled and form of the sensor itself. For example, a large search coil which of course can easily find the metal you are looking at a large area rather than a metal detector with a small search coil. Instead of metal detectors can not determine the location of cables on a wall tertanan precisely because of the large size of the sensor.
So the greater the search coil, the accuracy of his smaller but bigger sensitivty but instead a small search coil, commonly used to compact metal detector, have high accuracy but less sensitivity. The shape of the search coil is usually a circle or square. Besides needing a shield layer which serves to reduce electrostatic effects and effects caused by capacitive objects.
Low battery detector circuit
You feel confused to detect wether a battery is low or high, or you want to be notified if the battery and has expired , this circuit can detect if a battery has begun to decrease its strength. Circuit is based on LM4250 IC is able to detect if the battery runs out and will issue a notification signal.
Wednesday, December 18, 2013
Toggle Switch with IR
Toggle switch in this article is a series of toggle switches that are controlled by infrared light. The series toggle switch is made from a combination of data flip-flop CD4013 2 units. Receiver circuit of the infrared light signals arranged with infrared receiver as found on television remote receiver. Infrared signal from remote is used as clock signals and data to the data flip-flop first. then the second flip-flop data set as a toggle flip-flop toggle the output signal is used to drive the relay. for more details can be seen in thethe following image .
Series Toggle Switch With Infra Red (IR) that is required to supply voltage range of 12VDC and the output of Toggle Switch With Infra Red (IR) is dapt used to turn on the lights or other electronic devices with DC or AC voltage source. Series Toggle Switch With Infra Red (IR) was isolated from the load that is placed for use as the final relay.
source [link]
ADC 0804 Microcontroler Interface Engineering
Microcontroller Interface Engineering With ADC 0804
[Continue Reading]
In ADC 0804 interface techniques with microcontrollers are pin-pin control must be controlled if we want to use the ADC with the microcontroller, there is value addition refferensi voltage to be supplied in 0804 ADC interface with a microcontroller, for example, we use the 0804 ADC (8 bit), if we give refferensi voltage 2.55 volts then we will get the increase of 1 bit to change 10 mVolt. Please note that the 0804 ADC pin on the leg that is form Vref Vref / 2, so to get a 10mV resolution is necessary for setting Vref / 2 equal to 1.275 V
The interface circuit microcontroller with ADC 0804
Mechanical interface microcontroller with ADC 0804
The steps in accessing data from the ADC 0804 by the microcontroller sebgai follows;
Enable ADC with signal 0 at the foot of Chip Select.
Give commands from conversion by providing a low pulse to the foot of the ADC Write narrow
Wait for the ADC issued a signal 0 from his leg INT
Give a moment of time delay for data from the ADC is correct
Give the read command by giving the signal 0 at the foot of ADC Read
Give a moment of time delay
Now data from the ADC is ready for use and if the microcontroller.
Schematic Power Amplifier with IC AN7117
*notif : this circuit is mono amplifier
Schematic circuit power amplifier AN7117 below :
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| Click image to view Enlarge |
Auto Sound Systems One Piece at a Time
Those who are in the market for auto sound systems are probably well aware of the many decisions that need to be made throughout the process. Gone are the days when you went in, pointed to a box and walked out with all the pieces, parts, and components you would ever need for a really kickin sound. The truth of the matter is that there are many pieces and parts that work together in order to create the ultimate sound system and everyone seems to have different requirements, styles, tastes, and budgets to work with.
Because of this, many manufacturers of auto sound systems have wised up to the fact that some people will buy the components they need to create the sound system of their dreams piece by piece as budgets allow. This is actually a very intelligent way for customers on a budget to buy the sound system they are hoping to some day have. As a result you will find that speakers, amplifiers, sub woofers, and the actual stereo are often sold separately and at very reasonable prices.Most of us hate living within limited budgets but understand that often in life it is a necessary evil. Living on a budget is not such a terrible thing really. If we had everything we wanted, what on earth would there be to look forward to? At least that is what I keep telling myself. I, however, seem to be the queen of budget living and bargain hunting. I love little more in life than finding a great deal on an item Ive had my eye on for quite a while and hate little more than finding it cheaper once Ive purchased it. As such, I tend to invest a great deal of time researching any major purchase before taking the plunge. A good auto sound system by this I mean good quality, minimal features is going to run (total package and installation) at least $1,000 with many costing a good deal more than that.
That doesnt mean you need to have a thousand bucks lying around the house in order to begin building your auto sound system. You can buy a decent set of speakers for around $200-$260 if you desire. You can find sets at lower prices, but this is the price for a fairly decent set of speakers that should serve you well. Keep in mind that you could very easily spend a lot more than this on speakers if you arent careful. Living on a budget means you have to make some sacrifices along the way in order to have the things you want in life. Buy the speakers and have them installed (if you can do it or your know someone who can, this will save a lot of time and money).
Once you have the first component, whichever one that may be (that choice is entirely up to you and largely dependent on your personal tastes and which need replacing worse in the vehicle you own) you can begin saving towards the next. You should also consider asking friends and family (who would like to know what to get you for the holidays) to help you reach your smaller goals along the way. Most people are glad to help with specific items if they know what those items are. The point is that this isnt an all or nothing proposition. Take small steps towards your prize and you will find that you are constantly getting one step closer.
Tuesday, December 17, 2013
Subwoofer Car Power Amplifier
This is circuit of Subwoofer Car Power Amplifier 15W BTL stereo channel audio power amplifier based IC TA 8215 residential by Toshiba. modish this power amplifier circuit, two TA 8215 ICs are used. This is pro obtaining four channels with the aim of is two channels from both IC. TA 8215 is an IC with power amplifier stages and preamplifier integrated inside Subwoofer Car Power Amplifier.
The power supply necessary for this Subwoofer Car Power Amplifier is single 12 against DC supply. The upper limit output power delivered from all channel of this amplifier is 15 W to a 4 ohm presenter and and so the dub 4×15 W power amplifier.
R1 with R2 forms a voltage partition with the aim of attenuates the input indicator by 24dB. taking into consideration the flaws 50dB advance, that still leaves 26dB overall gain, vaguely extra than as much as necessary to fully oversupply the amplifier what time the sound license plant next to maximal output. C1 blocks DC on the preamplifier input. C2 is the ground return of the advice circuit. These two capacitors need to ensue in vogue the ratio exposed, in order to suppress switching clicks whilst powering the circuit on and inedible. The output pins 15 and 16 are connected immediately to the orator, while C7, R6, C8 and R7 provide the proper load period shifting to take avoiding action eminent frequency instability.
The power supply is decoupled with a fairly minute 100uF capacitor. so as tos sufficient in favor of superior frequency decoupling, and on let down frequencies anyway the greater capacitors taking part in the PC power supply are fine. Pins 10 and 17 supply the power amplifiers, while pin 9 provides power to the pre stages. This power is filtered by C3. The power control pin 4 allows to go home for the day down the amplifier, an option not used at this juncture, so its together to 12V. Pin 1 is a muting input, and not used, and gone candid.
Battery Level Monitor Circuit
Battery Level Monitor Circuit
This simple circuit can monitor the charging process in 12 Volt Lead Acid battery or Tubular battery. The status of LED indicates whether the battery is accepting charge or not. It also indicates the full charge condition.
This simple circuit can monitor the charging process in 12 Volt Lead Acid battery or Tubular battery. The status of LED indicates whether the battery is accepting charge or not. It also indicates the full charge condition.
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| Battery Level Monitor Circuit Diagram |
The circuit can be incorporated in any battery charger like 6 volt, 9 volt, 12 volt etc. The only change needed is replacement of the Zener ZD with appropriate value. That is for 6 volt charger , use 6.1 volt Zener and for 9 volt charger it should be 9.1 volt Zener.
The circuit is based on the switching of two NPN transistors (BC547) to drive the corresponding LED. Zener diode ZD is connected to the base of T1 so as to switch on T1 when the Zener conducts. This happens only when the battery voltage is above 12 volts. Green LED lights when the battery voltage is normal or battery attains full charge. Resistor R1 and Preset VR adjust the base bias of T1 for smooth switching. When T1 conducts, base of T2 will be pulled to ground and T2 turns off and Red LED extinguishes.
When the circuit is connected to the battery before charging the LED indications will be
1. If the battery voltage is above 12 volts (that is the normal terminal voltage of 13.8), Zener conducts and Green LED lights and Red LED remains off.
2. If the battery voltage is below 12 volts, Zener remains non conducting and Green LED remains off and Red LED lights.
3. When the battery is connected to the charger, and if the battery is accepting charge, Green LED goes off and Red LED remains on. When the battery attains full charge, Green LED lights and Red LED goes off.
4. If the battery is not accepting charge, Green LED never lights, even after the prolonged charging. This indicates that the battery is not attaining the normal terminal voltage above 12 volts.
source [link] When the circuit is connected to the battery before charging the LED indications will be
1. If the battery voltage is above 12 volts (that is the normal terminal voltage of 13.8), Zener conducts and Green LED lights and Red LED remains off.
2. If the battery voltage is below 12 volts, Zener remains non conducting and Green LED remains off and Red LED lights.
3. When the battery is connected to the charger, and if the battery is accepting charge, Green LED goes off and Red LED remains on. When the battery attains full charge, Green LED lights and Red LED goes off.
4. If the battery is not accepting charge, Green LED never lights, even after the prolonged charging. This indicates that the battery is not attaining the normal terminal voltage above 12 volts.
Metal Detector Circuit
One type of metal detector is a type of beat frequency oscillator (BFO). The methods used in metal detectors in general are changing the characteristics of the oscillator when there are close to the metal sensor. The detector works based on the resonant frequency that has been set change when there is a metal object is located quite close to the search coil sensors.
Tuning circuit (tuned circuit) should be a part of our oscillator circuit so that if approached by a metal coil sensor specific hence the output frequency of the oscillation circuit is about to change. Variation changes the output frequency depends on the frequency chosen. The selection of the higher frequency will cause the circuit sensitivity increases because the greater the frequency change. Stay if the selection frequency is too high then the practice will produce a system that is not sensitive. This is because the high frequency of most will not be reflected back but will be absorbed by the soil, building materials.
Tuning circuit (tuned circuit) should be a part of our oscillator circuit so that if approached by a metal coil sensor specific hence the output frequency of the oscillation circuit is about to change. Variation changes the output frequency depends on the frequency chosen. The selection of the higher frequency will cause the circuit sensitivity increases because the greater the frequency change. Stay if the selection frequency is too high then the practice will produce a system that is not sensitive. This is because the high frequency of most will not be reflected back but will be absorbed by the soil, building materials.
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| Metal Detector Circuit |
Frequency used (f1-produced by the tank circuit with L1) is usually above the human hearing ability. Because it can not be heard by human pendegaran the frequency changes that occur will also not be heard as well. To overcome this it should be made a separate tone (audible frekuency-f2) which shows the change in frequency. This is said with the beat.
By mixing the two signals (f1 and f2) will produce signals f1, f2, (f1 + f2), and (f1-f2). The signal can be heard by human hearing is a signal (f1-f2). So when there are changes in frequency caused by changes in the characteristics of the search coil can be heard by humans as a rhythm-beat changing. Rhythm-beat is what is the signal (f1-f2) earlier.
VC1 setting is not easy because it requires experiments on certain metals. Similarly, for setting the rhythm of the beat is heard because at a certain condition will feel the rhythm of this beat very disturbing. So it was no possibility the beat or rhythm is not produced beatnya lower than normal because all these conditions can be set on VC1.
So when there are changes in the characteristics of the search coil it will produce sound frequency also depends on the different frequencies generated by the L1 and L2 frequencies generated by.
This method still has the disadvantage that its output frequency variation is still too small to change its frequency is almost not visible. Additionally, on certain conditions Dapa produce a frequency below the audible sound. For that we need a reconfiguration of coupling capacitors and the frequency of use.
The values of existing components dirangkaian Figure 2 represents the values specified in a metal. So for a specific metal component values need to be adjusted especially VC1, C1, C4, and C5.
Inductor L1 is formed from the coil that serves as a search coil. This inductor will resonate along with the VC1 to produce a tank circuit with Q high. The second oscillator is formed from L2, C4, C5, R4, and Q2 and the oscillator circuit will produce a signal with a fixed frequency. D1 serves as a simple mixing between f1 and f2 and will generate a signal with a frequency (f1-f2) and a lot of harmonic signals. Signal with a frequency (f1-f2) is made so that it can be in areas that can be heard by human hearing.
Suppose that f1 and f2 on the 100KHz 101KHz then after dimixer, signal (f1-f2) will produce a signal with a frequency of 1kHz. This differential signal must be amplified in advance using a opamp that will only be able to drive headphones with high impedance. If the chill to be used for regular headphones then Dapa LM741 amplifier chip is replaced with the type of audio amplifiers. Because ampilifier audio output has a low impedance. Amplifier gain setting is determined from the setting R7 and R10, and if necessary the output of the LM741 can be incorporated into a power amplifier circuit to drive an spaker.
Circuit in Figure 2 is very simple to allow the occurrence of frequency drift - a shift in frequency. This is usually caused by the temperature factor. However this problem is not a serious problem. Permsalahan can ditanganni by searching for capacitor components which have a large enough temperature tolerance. In addition, PCB layout also has a huge effect on this problem.
The size of the search coil depends on the sensitivity of metal detectors are cooled and form of the sensor itself. For example, a large search coil which of course can easily find the metal you are looking at a large area rather than a metal detector with a small search coil. Instead of metal detectors can not determine the location of cables on a wall tertanan precisely because of the large size of the sensor.
So the greater the search coil, the accuracy of his smaller but bigger sensitivty but instead a small search coil, commonly used to compact metal detector, have high accuracy but less sensitivity. The shape of the search coil is usually a circle or square. Besides needing a shield layer which serves to reduce electrostatic effects and effects caused by capacitive objects.
Monday, December 16, 2013
40 Watt Fluorescent Lamps Diagram Schematics
This is a Circuits of fluorescent lamp with a power of 40 Watt - The ambit works abundant like the aboriginal Strobos. except that a beaming tube is used. Thus, the beaming tube zündbereit charcoal constant, the two electrodes of the tube are continuously agent Ta1 supplied with electricity.
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| Click To view larger | 40 Watt Fluorescent Lamps Diagram Schematics |
This accepted makes the two attrition affairs of the afterglow tube in, so the mercury evaporates into the tube and the electron discharge is simplified. Ta2 Returns on the rectifier “D1-D4 , the voltage of the multivibrator, the agitation abundance of the tube is amenable for. The acceleration of the AMV is with potentiometer P1 set. The beating afresh passes through R3 to T3, is amplified there and controls the bent for the triac, the administering of these alternates. If so, afresh the ambit through the tube and the balance closes and the tube can ablaze up.
The pulses of T3 additionally access via the capacitor C3 to the aboideau of the thyristor Th1. Simultaneously with the closing “of the ambit for the tube is Th1 -conductive and creates a abbreviate in the agitation braid accepted flow, which in about-face generates a aerial voltage on the secondary. This voltage of several thousand volts is now operational on anchorage J7 to a wire alfresco of the tube. The aerial voltage at the tube provides the all-important starting voltage so that it starts and can absolutely ablaze up until the thyristor Th1 locks again.
Part List:
C1/C2 2x Elco standing 1μF/16V
C3 1x Ker. Scheibenkondens. 0.1 μF
C4 1x HV-capacitor 1μF 350V axial
C5 1x Elko stand. 470μF 25 V
C6 1x Poly condensation. 0.068 μF 630V
D1-4 4x Diode 1N4001
D5 1x Diode 1N4007
L1 1x Ignition coil (such as the normal speed camera strobe)
P1 1x Poti 6mm 2.2 M
R1/R4 2x Resistor 470R 1 / 4 W
R2/R9 2X Resistor 47K 1 / 4 W
R3 1x Resistor 10K 1 / 4 W
R5 1x Resistor 270R 1 / 4 W
R6 1x Resistor 1.2 K 1 / 4 W
R7 1x Resistor 22K 1 / 4 W
R8 1x Resistor 120K 1 / 4 W
Si1 1x Backup medium time 160mA
Si2 1x A pair of fuse holders
T1/T2 2x Transistor BC557B
T3 1x Transistor BC547B
Ta1 1x Transformer 2x 2x 5V 500mA 5VA
TA2 1x Trafo 1,2 VA 9Volt
Th1 1x Thyristor 4A 400V T0220
TR1 1x Triac 4A 400V T0220
The credibility J1 and J2 to affix with the two electrodes on one ancillary of the beaming tube. The credibility J3 and J4 , affix with the electrodes on the added side. Now amplitude a attenuate insulated!! Wire forth the tube and cement it eg. Scotch band firmly. This wire carries the agitation voltage of several thousand volts to the tube so that they burn properly. This wire, affix one end with J7 on the board, while the added end charge necessarily be isolated. This wire leads except the aerial voltage pulses that is additionally voltage. The credibility with J5 and J6 of the lath is one, tube fitting, balance clamped to (choke, there’s the ablaze trading.) Finally there is the voltage at J8 and J9. Now it should somehow already beam or flash, with the potentiometer, the beam amount can be set.
40 W Fluorescent Lamps Diagram Schematics
40 W Fluorescent Lamps Diagram Schematics
Active Audio System Use three TDA2052
This active audio audio system use three TDA2052 chips and 5 speakers ( one woofer, two tweeters and two midranges ) .For this TDA2052 active audio system we need dual 20 volts power supply and five volts supply for the stand by function.To the input of the every audio IC chip is placed an audio filter for filtering the audio signal for used speakers ( low pass for woofer , high pass for midranges and tweeters )
Active Audio System Circuit Diagram
The subwoofer plays the 20 to 300 Hz frequency range, while the remaining 300 Hz to 20KHz are sent to two separate channels with stereo effect.If one of the amplifier is affected by clipping distortion the others amplifiers are not affected .
Active Audio System Circuit Diagram
The subwoofer plays the 20 to 300 Hz frequency range, while the remaining 300 Hz to 20KHz are sent to two separate channels with stereo effect.If one of the amplifier is affected by clipping distortion the others amplifiers are not affected .
100 Watt Power amplifier with IC TDA1514
Power Amplifier TDA1514 , this power use the IC TDA1514 , minimum require voltage 12 Volt and maximum voltage 30 volts DC. Power output maximum 100 Watt mono with 8 ohms impedance. this circuit is High output power amplifier with IC. See schematic below :
7 1 Channel audio Surround Sound systems
7.1 Surround Sound Systems
7.1 channel audio systems is the modified version of 6.1 channel and plus provide additional realistic experience than 6.1 setup. at home this organization splits the single rear-hub amp into private not here- and moral-rear surround. These systems are not a stanch discrete 7.1 channel system to the same degree 7.1 formats don’t at this time exist. In a true discrete 6.1 surround method, the back center surround attitude is separate from the surround not here (SL) and surround right (SR) positions. A 7.1 channel system uses matrixes extended surround wherever the not here-back and right-back (rear-inside surround) multichannel are blended at once and stored. The assembly of a 7.1 setup is agreed voguish the Picture under.
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| 7.1 Channel audio Surround Sound system |
Sunday, December 15, 2013
0 300V Variable High Voltage Power Supply
Here is the variable high voltage dc power supply circuit, which we can customize the output voltage from 0 to 311Vdc, and it is protected the current over limit that we define at about 100 mA.
In the circuit you can see the T1 is a mains transformer with a ratio of 1:1, for security reasons , and reduces noise signal as well. Then the mains voltage from the T1 is rectified to DCvolt with bridge diode D1-D4, We use a No. 1N4007 that withstand voltage as 1,000V at the current 1A and and this DCV is filtered through the capacitor C1 – 220uF 400V be the big size electrolytic types, by the voltage drop across C1 is about 311VDC.
The power MOSFET Q1 is controlled the current output, with using the resistor R3 – 500K adjust the voltage gate pin of Q1. The ZENER diode ZD1-12V is available prevent over voltage at gate pin of the Q2 if we not has it when high volt the Q2 may be damaged.
The transistor Q2-BC337 and the shunt resistor R2 – 3.3ohm are added for as a current limiter. When the current output is too increased, the Q2 will stop the gate pin of the Q1 immediately, which will be guard the higher current output. The degree of R3 gets from testing in this circuit, which depending on the gain of the transistor or the hFE value, so you may need to tune the value of R2
High power amplifiers
By organizing the annual CES 2010, Pass Laboratories has recently introduced a new device that is X260.5 mono-block power amplifiers.
X260.5 offers a power output of 260W and comes with the Super-Symmetry topology features that can improve performance by adjusting the characteristic value of balancing and damping amplifier distortion / interference.
X260.5 device brings all the sonic advantages of mono-block operation for A / B high-power amplifiers in a physical package that can be managed device is half the physical size and weight of the device X600.5 Class D mono-block power.
Simple physical size, weight that can be managed and high strength coupled with great performance make this device as the Pass Laboratories ideal power-amp in any system that refers to a 2-channel and multi-channel format.
In addition, it also brings flexibility X260.5 combination for consumers who already have a device Pass Laboratories Stereo amp and want to add an additional channel power amplifier that is suitable sonic Laboratories Pass that complements other devices that have been there before.
As a stand-alone product, X260.5 device is truly amazing. And its existence at this time will quench the thirst of customers with ease. Equilibrium dynamics coupled with tonal accuracy and spectral balance that provides live music by presenting a taste of the extraordinary closeness.
Pass Labs X260.5 is capable of processing and increase the power transformer and an AC EMI filters, high-speed/soft recovery rectifiers in parallel, the capacitor power supply that is more parallel and supply RC filtering, improvements to the forefront of the input circuit, and the addition of Clas A bias circuit single. This amplifier offers one RCA inputs and one XLR input connectors. And for those who are interested, you can gain amplifier device is worth 11000 USD or about 110 million dollars per pair. Wow, a fantastic price!
[Continue Reading]
X260.5 offers a power output of 260W and comes with the Super-Symmetry topology features that can improve performance by adjusting the characteristic value of balancing and damping amplifier distortion / interference.
Simple physical size, weight that can be managed and high strength coupled with great performance make this device as the Pass Laboratories ideal power-amp in any system that refers to a 2-channel and multi-channel format.
In addition, it also brings flexibility X260.5 combination for consumers who already have a device Pass Laboratories Stereo amp and want to add an additional channel power amplifier that is suitable sonic Laboratories Pass that complements other devices that have been there before.
As a stand-alone product, X260.5 device is truly amazing. And its existence at this time will quench the thirst of customers with ease. Equilibrium dynamics coupled with tonal accuracy and spectral balance that provides live music by presenting a taste of the extraordinary closeness.
Pass Labs X260.5 is capable of processing and increase the power transformer and an AC EMI filters, high-speed/soft recovery rectifiers in parallel, the capacitor power supply that is more parallel and supply RC filtering, improvements to the forefront of the input circuit, and the addition of Clas A bias circuit single. This amplifier offers one RCA inputs and one XLR input connectors. And for those who are interested, you can gain amplifier device is worth 11000 USD or about 110 million dollars per pair. Wow, a fantastic price!
Create a Digital Volume Control Circuit
This series is the volume of the digital amplifier That is used on or tone control. This series ic type using DS1669 Digital Pot IC specifically for this volume match. a series of settings used at the middle-class amplifier That small powerless under 50 watts. volum11 components: C1 = 0.1uf Ceramic, IC = IC DS1669 Digital Pot, S1 / S2 = digital swicth Or you can use the series to this one: volum2 The Work: The digital volume control IC uses 9.
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Required to operate the series voltage regulator is 12 volts. IC1 (555) is very good to work as a flip-flop. Frequency or period can be determined with selecting value of resistor R44, R45 is combined with a capacitor C6. In this series has a 0.3 second period. IC2 is used to Decrease or increase of the calculation. In the series of this mode is used to raise up and down mode is used to Decrease the volume.
While IC4 and IC3 has a 16-channel, analogue multiplexers, while working as an analog switch. IC3 is used as in the series of level indicator while IC4 is used as potentiometer. After the next power in the on-it, and the switch S1 is pressed to reset. When the switch S2 is pressed, the IC2 and the balance in the form of output legs responded B, C, and D in CMOS IC2. Output B, C and D control line inputs IC2 and IC3, and the chosen one, the 16-channel output, by turning on the analogue. In this series, IC4 is used as the potentiometer is connected to the That resistor 15 (R9 to R23) each of the 16 input pins and resistor / capacitor combination with C2, C3 and R7 to the output.
Switch S2 is used to raise and switch S3 is used to Decrease the volume. Electrolyte capacitor of 1uF (C4) is used to Prevent the occurrence of noise. While the R8 and the resistor R6 is used to Prevent Tension on the half-supply voltage in order to avoid distortion of the audio signal coming from the preamplifier. Meanwhile, capacitor C2, C3 and resistor R7 is provided to filter the audio. Happy work, hopefully successfully.
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Saturday, December 14, 2013
Frequency to Voltage Converter Circuit
IC LM2917 Frequency to Voltage Converter
IC LM2917 IC chip is designed specifically as a Frequency to Voltage Converter or Frequency to Voltage converter. In its use to applications Frequency to Voltage Converter IC LM2917 requires few external components.
There are several examples of applications of Frequency to Voltage Converter IC LM2917 datasheet that is included in the LM2917 IC. In this article series Frequency to Voltage Converter IC also taken from the LM2917 datasheet. The advantages of single chip LM2917 Frequency to Voltage Converter is able to provide instantaneous volt output o at time of frequency change 0 Hz. Very easy to apply in measuring the output frequency with the formulation of single-chip Frequency to Voltage Converter VOUT = FIN x VCC x R1 x C1.Then the single-chip LM2917 Frequency to Voltage Converter This configuration requires only the RC only in frequency doubling. And has an internal zener regulator to aimlessly accuracy and stability in frequency-to-voltage conversion process.
Application circuit Figure IC LM2917 as Frequency to Voltage Converter
Feature-owned single-chip LM2917 Frequency to Voltage Converter
Reference to ground directly with variable reluctance
Op Amp / Comparator with transistor output
50 mA maximum output currents for application directly to the load
Frequency doubling for low ripel
Buid in zener
Linear output ± 0.3%
Application single chip LM2917 Frequency to Voltage Converter
Frequency to Voltage Converter
Rotation speed sensor applications
Speedometer
Tachometer
Cruise Control
Cluth Control
And other applications associated with the measurement of rotation speed or frequency measurements.
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