Circuit Wiring

Toggle switch in this article is a series of toggle switches that are controlled by infrared light. The series toggle switch is made from a combination of data flip-flop CD4013 2 units. Receiver circuit of the infrared light signals arranged with infrared receiver as found on television remote receiver. Infrared signal from remote is used as clock signals and data to the data flip-flop first. then the second flip-flop data set as a toggle flip-flop toggle the output signal is used to drive the relay. for more details can be seen in thethe following image .

Series Toggle Switch With Infra Red (IR) that is required to supply voltage range of 12VDC and the output of Toggle Switch With Infra Red (IR) is dapt used to turn on the lights or other electronic devices with DC or AC voltage source. Series Toggle Switch With Infra Red (IR) was isolated from the load that is placed for use as the final relay.

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Nowadays the batteries are gaining more and more power, being the only components that fail to provide energy for portable electronic devices. The evolution is rapid, leading manufacturers electronic equipment to attempt to minimize the consumption of their products so that they can operate for several hours using simple batteries trade. In spite of the efforts of manufacturers, the device will absorb a zero power not yet invented. Thus, both small and if the current device is mathematically certain that at some point, after a few hours, days or ethdomades, the battery-drain .

 Automatic Switch for Batteries  Circuit diagram

The purpose of the circuit will describe below, is to keep alive batteries for the maximum time, minimizing unnecessary consumption. Taking a brief look at the circuit, you notice that the few parts that are can be integrated into any device powered by a battery of 9 V. The main trait is that allows current to flow to the load for a minute, since you pressed the switch S1. After this time automatically cuts off the battery connection. The peak current during switching is 20 mA, price satisfactory for most devices that work with batteries, this nominal voltage.

The heart of the construction is a Darlington type transistor PNP (T1), which is driven in a state of conduction through the pressing switch S1. The small current thaoio, which is due to the high rate of aid, makes able to remain in this condition even for relatively small values ??of the capacity of capacitor C 1 (Around 100 MF). The resistance A3 limits the charge current of the capacitor, thus ensuring long life pressing the switch.

Resistance A1 and A2, in conjunction with the capacitor C 1, determine the period allowed to flow, flow to the load. After this time, the T1 is driven in the state cutoff, a condition ensured by R1. In this design, the placement of a diode to protect from any reverse polarity would be an unnecessary luxury, since the maximum reverse voltage that can accept darlington between thasis and emitter (UBE) is equal to 10 V.

This circuit uses a Silcon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) as a latch switch. Once enabled it can only be turned off by pressing S2 or power is removed from the circuit.

Latch Switch 2 Circuit Diagram

Circuit Notes:
The load is represented by the 1k resistor and orange LED, although the C106D can handle much larger loads. Once the On switch is pressed, the SCR receives a voltage on its gate terminal and goes into forward conduction and conducts current through its anode and cathode terminals. This current remains to flow even when the on switch is released, so the LED remains lit.

The load can only be turned off by pressing the Reset switch which is a Push-to-Break non-latching push switch. Note that reset switch must be able to handle the full load currents and voltage.

The essence of the circuit is for the input of tone and signal to provide an activation for the relay switch.

• Relay – an electrically operated switch where the current flowing through the coil of the relay is creating a magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts, thereby making its state open or close
• BC214 – a complementary silicon planar epitaxial transistor used in AF small signal drivers and amplifiers as well as for low noise preamplifier applications due to its feature of good linearity of DC current gain
• LM741 – a general purpose single operational amplifier with features such as offset null, compensated internal frequency, voltage range with high input, good stability of temperature, and protected from short circuit

The use of relay will allow the circuit to switch from one condition to another. It can also be referred to as a form of an electrical amplifier since it is able to control an output circuit of higher power than the input circuit. There are many types of relays being used in many electronic and electrical circuits, which include solid-state relay, Buchholz relay, overload protection relay, latching relay, forced-guided contacts relay, mercury-wetted relay, contactor relay, machine tool relay, reed relay, polarized relay, and solid state contactor relay.

Circuit Diagram


The circuit created is sensitive enough to the AC signals in the input stage, where the signals are ranging above 5 mV. It will also be sensitive to react with the human voice signals having a range of frequency from 50 Hz up to 3 KHz. The human voice is a part of the human sound produced primarily by the vocal cords or vocal folds which in turn produces a voice frequency that is used for the transmission of speech.

During the absence of an input signal, the state of the 12 V relay RL1 is at OFF condition as regulated by the 10K Ohms trimmer RV1. The circuit can be made to react with its sensitivity in points A, B, & C, where a negative feedback can be placed due to the addition of band pass filter. The filter will operate only in the 1 KHz range and the circuit will only correspond at this frequency.

Parts List :



The signal and tone activated relay switch were used in a wide range of fields which includes measuring instruments, audio systems, communications equipment, and factory-automation equipment. They can also be found on telephone subscriber circuits for the polarity reversing switch, testing, and ringing functions.